Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that affects both men and women. Over the years, extensive research has established a strong link between HPV and various types of cancers, including cervical, anal, and genital cancers. However, emerging evidence has also revealed a significant link between HPV and head and neck cancer (HNC), specifically oropharyngeal cancer, stated the best head and neck cancer doctor in Kolkata.
How HPV contributes to the development of head and neck cancer
HPV is known to cause head and neck cancer, particularly oropharyngeal cancer, through various mechanisms. One of the best cancer doctors in Kolkata discusses the ways in which HPV is associated head and neck cancer.
Transmission and infection: HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including oral sex. The virus infects the mucosal cells of the oral cavity and oropharynx, including the tonsils, base of the tongue and throat.
Viral entry and replication: HPV enters the basal cells of the epithelium and infects them. The viral DNA replicates within the host cells, leading to the production of new viral particles.
Integration of viral DNA: In some cases, the HPV DNA integrates into the host cell's DNA. This integration disrupts normal cellular functions, including the regulation of cell growth and division.
Oncogene expression: Once integrated, the HPV DNA can lead to the expression of viral oncogenes, particularly E6 and E7. These oncogenes interfere with the cell cycle control and promote uncontrolled cell growth.
It is to be noted that persistent infection with high-risk HPV types, such as HPV-16 and HPV-18 increases the risk of developing head and neck cancer, said the best head and neck cancer doctor in Kolkata.
Warning signs to watch for
Head and neck cancer can manifest with a variety of symptoms and signs, depending on the specific location and stage of the cancer. A well-known head and neck cancer doctor in Kolkata shares some of the common symptoms.
● Persistent sore throat
● Changes in voice
● Lump or swelling
● Oral cavity symptoms
● Unexplained weight loss
● Ear pain
● Numbness or weakness
Conclusion
If any of these symptoms persist for an extended period, it is recommended to seek medical attention for proper evaluation and diagnosis. Early detection and effective treatment can significantly improve the outcomes for individuals with head and neck cancer.
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